Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Periodontitis

And the incidence of periodontitis

1. In patients with well-controlled diabetes are more periodontal than people without diabetes.

a. Diabetes is well controlled if the level of glucose in the blood is stabilized within the recommended range.

B. Short-term non-surgical periodontal treatment response of persons with controlled diabetes are similar to that of diabetes management, with similar trends in the improvement of the probing depth and investment growth [2].

2. People with undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes have a higher risk of developing severe periodontitis than people with controlled diabetes and patients without diabetes violence.

a. There is enough evidence to support the link between poorly controlled diabetes and periodontitis. Periodontal disease is considered a complication of uncontrolled diabetes.

B. Periodontal loss of investment (connective tissue destruction and loss of bone mass) is more common in people with poorly controlled diabetes, both type 1 and type 2 than people with good control of diabetes [3].

3. Adverse outcomes may occur in long-term maintenance therapy for people with poorly controlled diabetes [4].

B. the consequences of increased levels of glucose in the blood to the tissues. A person with uncontrolled or poorly controlled glucose levels in the blood have an increased risk of developing acute periodontal abscess, more large-scale loss of investment, and a much greater risk of losing bone mass.

1. Hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar) in uncontrolled diabetic patients increases the level of glucose in gingival crevicular fluid and blood. Because many bacteria thrive Sugars, glucose-rich crevicular fluid can lead to changes in the bacterial composition of plaque biofilm microcolonies and influence on the development of periodontal disease [5].

2. The decrease PMN functions and defective chemotaxis in uncontrolled diabetics can contribute to violations of host defense (Fig. 10-1). With PMNs are the first line of defense against periodontal pathogens, reduction PMN function allows the bacteria to significantly increase the number [6].

3. Persons who have both diabetes and periodontal disease have significantly higher levels of IL-ip and pge2, etc in gingival crevicular fluid compared with diabetes control with the same degree of periodontal disease [7].

4. Hyperglycemia can affect the synthesis, maturation and function of collagen, extracellular matrix.

a. In hyperglycemic state leads to excessive formation of accumulated glycation end-products (ages). Age are derived from reaction glucose and protein. These substances are involved in biological processes associated with collagen turnover. Excessive accumulation age is believed to contribute chronic complications associated with diabetes. Age can play an important role in the progression of periodontal disease, as well as, in uncontrolled diabetes.

B. Collagen is sewn on age, education, making it less likely to be properly repaired or synthesized. Collagen in the gum tissue of people with uncontrolled diabetes aged and more susceptible to disruption...